FDA still allows titanium dioxide in U.S. food at 1 percent — EU banned E171 in 2022 after EFSA could not rule out genotoxicity
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Titanium dioxide is a color additive according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Titanium dioxide is a white pigment the U.S. Food and Drug Administration lists as a color additive.
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Titanium dioxide may be used in food at no more than 1 percent by weight under 21 CFR 73.575.
Under 21 CFR 73.575 it may be used in food at no more than 1 percent by weight.
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Separate listings cover ingested drugs and cosmetics for titanium dioxide.
Separate listings cover ingested drugs and cosmetics.
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Titanium dioxide is used for opacity and whiteness, not nutrition.
The additive is there for opacity and whiteness, not nutrition.
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People encounter titanium dioxide in candy coatings, bakery products, and some tablets.
People meet it in candy coatings, bakery products, and some tablets.
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On May 6, 2021, EFSA panel chair Maged Younes said experts could not exclude genotoxicity after people swallow the particles; absorption is low, but particles can accumulate.
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Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/63 dropped E171 from the authorized list.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/63 then dropped E171 from the authorized list.
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After August 7, 2022, foods containing titanium dioxide could no longer be sold in the EU.
After August 7, 2022, foods containing it could no longer be sold in the EU.
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IARC classifies inhaled titanium dioxide dust as Group 2B—possibly carcinogenic—based on rat lung tumors; evidence in people was inadequate.
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The Group 2B classification applies to inhalation, not diet.
That class is inhalation, not diet.
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JECFA called food-use titanium dioxide safe in 2023.
In 2023 JECFA called food-use titanium dioxide safe.
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FDA is reviewing an April 14, 2023 petition to repeal 73.575 and says some EFSA tests used materials or routes that do not match eating the color.
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U.S. food remains subject to the 1 percent rule while the petition is open.
U.S. food still sits under the 1 percent rule while that petition is open.
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